What are the Most Common Causes of Cat Diarrhea?

Cat diarrhea is not considered a disease in itself, but is usually the symptom of an underlying condition. Diarrhea typically consists of watery stool that may contain blood or mucus, depending on its cause. There may be several causes of diarrhea in cats, including irritable bowel syndrome; viral, bacterial or fungal infection; or dietary problems. Cat diarrhea and its cause can generally be diagnosed during a veterinary exam. Treatment and prognosis often depend upon the cause of the diarrhea.

Dietary problems can cause diarrhea in cats. Many cats may develop diarrhea after they eat something that disagrees with them, which may occur while the cat is away from its owner's supervision. Cats who frequently overeat are more prone to bouts of diarrhea than cats who do not. Low-quality pet foods can cause diarrhea in cats, as can sudden dietary changes. Cats may develop diarrhea after eating rich, salty, or spicy foods, or they may develop it due to a food intolerance.

Cat diarrhea can sometimes occur when foreign objects are eaten. These objects can become lodged somewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Toxic or irritating substances can cause diarrhea in cats when eaten.

Stress is another frequent cause of diarrhea in cats. Cats succumb to stress easily. They can become stressed when large environmental changes occur, such as the addition of new animals or people to their household, or after a move to a new household.

Disease can often cause diarrhea in cats, especially viral, fungal, or bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Often, infections cause additional symptoms in cats, such as fever, lethargy, low appetite, and vomiting. Parasitic infestation, often of intestinal worms, may be responsible for some cases of cat diarrhea. Other diseases responsible for cat diarrhea include feline leukemia, feline AIDS, irritable bowel syndrome, neoplasia, and hyperthyroidism. Problems with a cat's pancreas can also give it diarrhea.

Vets can often diagnose the cause of cat diarrhea during a physical exam. Blood, stool, and urine samples may be used to determine the cause of diarrhea. X-rays, biopsies, barium tests, and even exploratory surgery can help vets identify the cause of cat diarrhea.

Treatment for cat diarrhea can vary, depending on its cause. Often, dietary changes are in order. Medications can treat many of the diseases responsible for diarrhea in cats. Surgery may be necessary in the case of intestinal blockage. The prognosis for feline diarrhea can vary, depending on its cause. If the cause is minor, such as an infection or dietary problem, treatment can usually begin to improve symptoms within two to four days.

Dietary indiscretion, such as eating spoiled food or non-food items, often leads to diarrhea in cats. Sudden changes in diet can also disrupt their digestive system. According to the Cornell Feline Health Center, lactose intolerance is another dietary cause, as many cats cannot properly digest dairy products after weaning.

Yes, parasites are a common cause of diarrhea in cats. Intestinal worms like roundworms, hookworms, and tapeworms, as well as protozoan parasites like Giardia and Coccidia, can all lead to gastrointestinal upset. The Companion Animal Parasite Council reports that regular deworming and fecal exams are crucial for prevention and treatment.

Infections from bacteria, viruses, or fungi can cause diarrhea in cats. For instance, feline panleukopenia virus is known for severe diarrhea. Bacterial infections like Salmonella or E. coli, often from contaminated food, are also culprits. The American Veterinary Medical Association emphasizes the importance of vaccinations and proper hygiene to reduce the risk of infections.

Chronic health conditions such as hyperthyroidism, inflammatory bowel disease, and certain cancers can lead to persistent diarrhea in cats. The Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine notes that these conditions may affect nutrient absorption and gastrointestinal function, necessitating comprehensive veterinary care and often long-term management strategies.

Stress is a well-documented trigger for diarrhea in cats due to its impact on gut motility and function. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) highlights that environmental changes, such as moving to a new home or the introduction of a new pet, can induce stress-related diarrhea.

Medications, including antibiotics, can disrupt the normal balance of gut flora in cats, leading to diarrhea. The American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) advises that while antibiotics are essential for treating infections, they can sometimes result in gastrointestinal upset, and probiotics may be recommended to help maintain intestinal health during treatment.