What is a Red Mullet?

Red mullet is a species of goatfish that lives in the Mediterranean Sea, the North Atlantic Ocean, and the Black Sea, among other habitats. There are two species of fish that are commonly referred to as red mullets, the mullus barbatus and the mullus surmuletus. These are relatively small bottom-feeders, distinguished by the red coloring typically found along the upper portion of the head, backbone, and fins.

The distinctions between the mullus barbatus and the mullus surmuletus can been seen in coloring, size, and habitat. Mullus surmuletus is usually larger. It is also known as a striped red mullet, or surmullet because of the stripes on its two dorsal fins, which are not found on mullus barbatus. The two types differ in habitat since the mullus barbatus generally prefers feeding in the muddy bottoms of deeper waters. The mullus surmuletus typically prefers eating in shallow waters with sandy or rocky bottoms.

Both species have two whisker-like barbels present on the outside of the lower jaw. They use these sensitive appendages to find food on the bottoms where they feed. A red mullet’s diet generally consists of crustaceans, mollusks, worms, and small fish.

These fish both have body shapes typical of goatfish. They are elongated and deep, with widely-spaced dorsal fins and a forked tail fin. They also have the ability to change their color, which seems to be dependent upon the time of day, stress, and health of the fish. In addition to their red coloring, these fish also have yellow stripes running lengthwise down the sides of their bodies.

The size of mullus surmuletus generally ranges from approximately 7.9 in (20 cm) to 15.75 in (40 cm). They can weigh up to four lbs (1.81 kg). Mullus barbatus typically grow to between 3.94 in (10 cm) and 11.8 in (30 cm), and can weigh up to one lb (0.5 kg).

Since at least the 1st Century AD, red mullet has been of culinary importance. The ancient Romans had a particular fondness for it, with many wealthy Romans keeping the fish in ponds, and even hand-feeding them. It is said that those who kept them liked to observe the color changes in the fish.

Around 100 AD, affluent Romans developed a passion for eating larger red mullet, likely the surmullet. They would often pay, for the time, exorbitant amounts of money for these larger specimens. An ordinary citizen could not have afforded to eat red mullet.

Red mullet is still a culinary favorite with many people who like to eat fish. The best season for it is usually from October through May. Demand for the fish in the Mediterranean region remains strong.

A Red Mullet is a marine fish belonging to the Mullidae family, known for its distinctive reddish-pink coloration and two long barbels on its chin, which it uses to detect prey in the seabed. It's a valued species in Mediterranean cuisine, appreciated for its firm flesh and rich, nutty flavor.

Red Mullet is commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the British Isles to Senegal. It inhabits coastal waters, often over sandy or muddy bottoms, where it can be seen foraging for food at depths of up to 100 meters.

The Red Mullet has a varied diet that includes small crustaceans, mollusks, and other invertebrates. Its sensitive barbels are adept at detecting prey hidden in the seabed, making it an effective bottom feeder. This diet contributes to its unique flavor, which is highly prized in culinary circles.

As of my knowledge cutoff in 2023, the Red Mullet is not classified as endangered. However, like many marine species, it faces threats from overfishing and habitat degradation. Sustainable fishing practices are crucial to ensure the species' long-term survival and the health of marine ecosystems where it lives.

Red Mullet is versatile in the kitchen and can be grilled, baked, or pan-fried. In Mediterranean cuisine, it's often prepared with herbs, olive oil, and citrus to complement its flavor. The skin is left on during cooking to keep the flesh moist and to enhance its taste.

Red Mullet is a nutritious fish, rich in protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for heart health. It's also a good source of vitamins and minerals, including Vitamin A, which supports vision and immune function, and phosphorus, important for bone health. Incorporating Red Mullet into a balanced diet can contribute to overall well-being.