What are the Basics of Snake Identification?

Snake identification is an important activity for anyone spending time out of doors. By doing some basic research, it is important to be able to identify different types of snakes that are common in the area. Not all snakes are poisonous, and it is essential to pick out the venomous varieties from the harmless ones.

When trying to identify a particular type of snake, make note of its size and color first. Some varieties, like the rattlesnake, have a pattern on the scales, while other brown or black snakes don't have color variations. A coral snake has brightly colored rings around it, and scientists know that any animal that doesn't camouflage itself is likely poisonous. A green snake with yellow stripes going down its back is probably a common garter snake.

Some types of snakes have very distinct features that make snake identification very easy. A rattlesnake is easy to pick out because of the hollow beads that form on the end of the animal's tail. When provoked, the snake shakes the rattle, making a distinct sound that warns predators to back off.

If the snake's head is visible, it is possible to get some clues about what variety it is. Snake identification also includes making note of the shape of the animal's head. Vipers, a class of poisonous snakes, have a triangular shaped head. Pit vipers, such as the rattlesnake, have an indentation between the eye and the nostril. The pit helps the snake detect the heat signature of a nearby animal and gives the reptile an idea of its size and type.

Vipers are venomous and inject their victims with venom. If a person has been bitten by a snake, it is possible to tell what type it is by examining the wound carefully. A bite left by a viper will have two larger punctures made by the snake's fangs, as well as some smaller marks. A non-venomous snake bite leaves puncture marks that are all the same size.

The shape of the snake's pupils will also give some information about the type of snake it is. If it looks like a slit that is similar to a cat's eye, the snake is a poisonous one. A non-poisonous snake will have an iris that is round, like a human eye.

Identifying a venomous snake often involves looking for distinctive features such as a triangular head, elliptical pupils, and heat-sensing pits between the eyes and nostrils, common in pit vipers. However, these traits are not universal, and some non-venomous snakes mimic venomous ones. Always consult a field guide or expert for accurate identification, as color and pattern alone can be misleading.

When identifying a snake, observe its size, scale texture, color pattern, head shape, and behavior. Note the presence of a rattle, which is characteristic of rattlesnakes. The arrangement of scales, particularly around the vent, can also be indicative of species. Always use caution and avoid close contact, especially with unknown species.

Identifying a snake by color alone is unreliable due to the vast variation within species and the existence of mimics. For instance, coral snakes and their non-venomous look-alikes, like the scarlet kingsnake, have similar banding patterns. It's essential to consider multiple characteristics, such as head shape, scale texture, and behavior, for accurate identification.

Behavior can provide clues to a snake's identity, but it should not be the sole factor. For example, rattlesnakes will rattle their tails as a warning, while some non-venomous snakes may flatten their heads to appear more threatening. Observing behavior from a safe distance, combined with physical characteristics, can aid in identification.

Geographic location and habitat are crucial for snake identification, as different species are endemic to specific regions and environments. For instance, water snakes are typically found near aquatic habitats, while desert regions may host species like the horned viper. Knowing the local snake fauna can significantly narrow down the possibilities.

For those interested in learning more about snake identification, field guides specific to your region, herpetology books, and reputable online databases are invaluable resources. Engaging with local herpetological societies or attending workshops led by experts can also enhance your knowledge and skills in identifying snakes safely and accurately.