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What are Jumping Spiders?

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Jumping spiders are members of the spider family Salticidae, which contains around 5,000 species of spider, roughly 7% of the total number of spider species in the world. This large spider family is incredibly diverse, with representatives found all over the world. As the common name “jumping spider” would suggest, jumping spiders are most notable for their jumping ability. Some spiders are capable of jumping as much as 40 times their body length, relying on a very complex internal structure.

The bulk of jumping spider species are found in tropical forests, but these spiders also appear in temperate forests, deserts, shrubby lowlands, and mountains. In fact, one jumping spider species was collected from the slopes of Mount Everest, demonstrating the incredible range of this hardy spider family.

Jumping spiders are members of the family Salticidae.
Jumping spiders are members of the family Salticidae.

Two features can be used to distinguish jumping spiders. The first is the jumping, with jumping spiders anchoring themselves with silk before leaping so that they can crawl back up and try again, if need be. The second is the incredibly good eyesight of jumping spiders. These spiders have eight eyes, including four set forward on the face, using these eyes for refined stereoscopic vision which allows them to detect prey. Many jumping spiders also have flattened faces to accommodate their rows of eyes.

The bulk of jumping spider species are found in tropical forests, but these spiders also appear in temperate forests, deserts, shrubby lowlands, and mountains.
The bulk of jumping spider species are found in tropical forests, but these spiders also appear in temperate forests, deserts, shrubby lowlands, and mountains.

Many jumping spiders are very curious, interacting with organisms many times their size. Their excellent vision has also given rise to elaborate visual courtship rituals including dances and displays. Some species are capable of gliding, achieving a mode of transit almost like flight, and others have evolved to mimic the shape of their prey, with several jumping spider species looking a lot like ants. Many are brightly colored, with visual markings designed to appeal or warn other jumping spiders.

Jumping spiders generally build egg sacs after mating, with some females guarding their egg sacs until they hatch. Some species have also been known to build sheltering structures from their silk in hostile environments.

While many jumping spiders carry venom which they use to assault their prey, this venom is not generally harmful to large organisms. Most feed on insects, with some supplementing their diets with pollen and nectar. Jumping spiders in the garden or home can actually be quite beneficial, as the spiders will consume insect pests. Because these spiders do not build webs, they also make far less of a mess than other beneficial arachnids.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are jumping spiders, and how do they differ from other spiders?

Jumping spiders are a diverse group within the family Salticidae, known for their exceptional vision and unique hunting behavior that involves leaping onto their prey rather than spinning webs. They possess large, forward-facing eyes that provide acute vision, enabling them to accurately judge distances and execute precise jumps. This sets them apart from other spiders that rely more on web-trapping or stealth.

How far can jumping spiders leap?

Jumping spiders can leap several times their body length, with some species capable of jumping up to 50 times their own length. This remarkable ability is not due to muscular legs but rather a sudden change in hemolymph pressure within their bodies, which propels them forward. This adaptation allows them to ambush prey and escape predators effectively.

What do jumping spiders eat?

Jumping spiders are carnivorous and primarily feed on insects and other spiders. Their diet can include flies, mosquitoes, and small caterpillars. They are daytime hunters, relying on their keen eyesight to spot and stalk prey before pouncing. Occasionally, they may also consume nectar, which provides them with additional nutrients and hydration.

Are jumping spiders dangerous to humans?

Jumping spiders are generally not dangerous to humans. They are non-aggressive and will typically flee rather than confront a human. Their venom is not potent enough to cause harm to humans, and bites are extremely rare. In fact, they are often considered beneficial as they help control insect populations.

How do jumping spiders communicate?

Jumping spiders communicate through a combination of visual signals and vibrations. Males often perform elaborate dances with leg waving and body movements to attract females or deter rivals. These displays are enhanced by their vibrant colors and patterns. Vibrations produced by tapping surfaces also play a role in their communication, especially during courtship.

Where can jumping spiders be found?

Jumping spiders are found worldwide, with a vast majority of the over 6,000 species inhabiting tropical forests. However, they are highly adaptable and can also be found in deserts, grasslands, and temperate forests. Some species even thrive in urban environments. Their adaptability and varied habitats contribute to their status as one of the most widespread groups of spiders.

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a AllThingsNature researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a AllThingsNature researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...

Discussion Comments

Ocelot60

Another neat characteristic of some jumping spiders is that they almost appear to be furry. This effect comes from the tiny hairs that cover their bodies.

Spotiche5

It is interesting that this article mentions many remote areas that jumping spiders can be found. However, these unique spiders are also common in just about any area. They can be found around homes, especially on screens, in doorways, and along window sills.

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    • Jumping spiders are members of the family Salticidae.
      Jumping spiders are members of the family Salticidae.
    • The bulk of jumping spider species are found in tropical forests, but these spiders also appear in temperate forests, deserts, shrubby lowlands, and mountains.
      By: wildnerdpix
      The bulk of jumping spider species are found in tropical forests, but these spiders also appear in temperate forests, deserts, shrubby lowlands, and mountains.