How Do I Choose the Best Betta Fish?

The Siamese fighting fish, or Betta splendens, is just one of about 50 colorful species of betta fish that are enjoyed by aquarists worldwide. These fish are typically sold in individual bowls at aquarium stores and carnival midways because the males do not mingle well with others of the species. To select the best, choose fish with unblemished skin and fins that dart about vigorously when moved. Though they do not need a filtered tank to survive, they can benefit from one — as long as they are sharing space with fish that will let them establish their own territory somewhere in the tank. As with choosing any fish, it is important to fully inspect a beta before buying it to make sure there are no apparent abnormalities that could indicate illness.

The Betta splendens species, with its flowing and colorful fins, is renowned for being one of the more visually striking freshwater aquarium members. It is perhaps the most ubiquitous betta fish in aquarium outlets around the globe. This fish's disposition led to the name and a still-popular Asian ritual of placing two males in the same tank to see which one will live to see another meal. The native fish used for fighting, in Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam and Cambodia, have the most subdued colors and shortest fins for an edge in battle.

Betta fish do not always have the flowing skirts of the Siamese fighting fish. Aside from B. splendens and two subspecies with even more dramatic fins — the half moons and crown tails — all other bettas have cropped fins. These fish will have many of the same territory issues of B. splendens, but range in colors, from the deep translucent purple of B. anabatoides to the tidy black, tan and white of B. albimargarita.

When buying any betta fish, it is important to consider what fish will be with it in the tank. Male bettas, which tend to have showier fins than the females, must be kept away from other members of the same species. Males will fight to the death, and opposite sexes do not get along very well either, except when mating. Even female bettas will fight when not placed in a tank that allows each to secure adequate territorial shelter. Otherwise, bettas can cohabitate with several other tropical freshwater fish with subdued colors and fins, such as tetras, catfish and shrimp.

Apart from considerations of choosing good neighbors, buyers of betta fish must be aware of the various illnesses that can befall an aquarium fish before it even makes its way to their home. A full visual inspection of the fish should be performed before buying it, looking for any damage to the fins, growths or film on the skin or eyes, as well as overall discoloration or lack of motility. Any of these signs could indicate a deeper problem ahead for your tank.

To ensure you're selecting a healthy betta fish, observe its activity level; a vibrant and responsive fish is a good sign. Check for bright, even coloring and smooth scales without white spots or tears, which can indicate disease or injury. Clear eyes and full, undamaged fins are also indicators of good health. Avoid fish that are lethargic or have clamped fins, as these can be signs of stress or illness.

Betta fish personalities can vary, but generally, a fish that is curious and approaches the front of its display when you're near is showing signs of a good temperament. A betta that flares its gills or spreads its fins might simply be displaying natural behavior, but constant flaring could indicate stress. Look for a balance of active engagement without signs of aggression towards other fish or its own reflection.

Color and pattern preference is subjective and varies among enthusiasts. However, some betta fish colors, like vibrant blues, reds, and iridescent hues, are highly sought after. Patterns such as marbling or butterfly can be particularly striking. Ultimately, the best color or pattern is one that appeals to you and is vibrant, indicating good health.

Male betta fish are typically more colorful and have longer fins than females. They are known for their territorial behavior and dramatic displays. Females are generally less aggressive and can sometimes be housed together in larger tanks with caution. Your choice should depend on your preference for appearance and whether you plan to house multiple bettas together.

The age of a betta fish can influence its health and lifespan. Younger bettas, typically around 4 to 12 months old, are often more adaptable to new environments and have a longer expected lifespan. Older bettas may have established health issues and a shorter remaining lifespan. It's best to choose a young, vibrant fish for a longer companionship.

Yes, tank size can significantly affect a betta's health and well-being. Betta fish require space to swim and explore; a tank that's too small can lead to stress and health issues. A minimum tank size of 2.5 gallons is recommended, but a 5-gallon tank or larger is ideal to provide adequate space for exercise and enrichment.