What is Scale Rot?

Scale rot is a disease that can affect reptiles. Its primary causes are infection with bacteria, contamination of infected areas with animal feces, and having reptiles in warm and humid environments, especially moistness in bedding, where bacteria can fester. Even in very clean animal enclosures, a snake or lizard can develop scale rot. It does need to be taken seriously though, as failure to treat the illness can lead to the death of the animal.

In technical terms, scale rot is called ulcerative or necrotic dermatitis. It may begin mildly, with one or two scales looking brown, or the skin appearing flaky. These areas eventually turn into blisters and then open lesions, at which point the condition may be very difficult to treat. If you note brown or unusual areas on a lizard or snake’s body you should consult a vet right away because the condition is best treated early.

Standard treatment for scale rot means removing the animal to a completely cleaned environment without water for bathing. Allowing the reptile to bathe will likely make the condition worse. The regular enclosure for the animal should be dumped, cleaned, and all bedding matter should be completely removed and replaced with new substrate.

A veterinarian may want to prescribe oral antibiotics for your snake or lizard, and most suggest either prescription or over the counter topical antibiotic ointments to treat the affected areas. It is essential to keep your animal’s housing extremely clean and dry during treatment so that the condition doesn’t worsen or so that the animal doesn’t reinfect itself.

When treated, most scale rot will resolve within a few weeks, but you should keep an eye out for recurrence. Note too, that some bacteria on the animal’s scales is transferable to people. Snakes and lizards often carry versions of salmonella, so you should plan to wash you hands in any case after your handle your reptiles.

The best preventative methods to avoid scale rot is to keep your reptile’s environment very clean, changing bedding as needed and making sure to keep the humidity levels low. That being said, even the cleanest cages and the best-kept snakes and lizards in the world occasionally develop the condition. As long as you address the problem immediately with veterinary care, the condition tends to pose no problem and can be easily resolved.

Scale rot is a bacterial infection that affects reptiles, particularly snakes and lizards. It manifests as discolored, blistered, or ulcerated scales, usually on the belly or sides where the animal is in frequent contact with its substrate. If left untreated, it can lead to systemic infection and potentially be fatal.

Reptiles typically contract scale rot due to unsanitary living conditions, such as a dirty or overly moist enclosure. Prolonged exposure to damp substrates can create an ideal environment for bacteria to thrive. Additionally, injuries to the scales can become infected, leading to scale rot.

Signs of scale rot include irregular coloring on the scales, which may appear brown or reddish, soft or puffy texture to the affected area, and in severe cases, open sores or ulcers. Reptiles may also exhibit signs of discomfort or reduced mobility if the infection is painful.

Scale rot can be treated, especially if caught early. Treatment involves improving the enclosure's hygiene, providing a dry and clean habitat, and applying topical antiseptics or antibiotics as prescribed by a veterinarian. In severe cases, systemic antibiotics may be necessary to combat the infection.

Scale rot itself is not contagious to humans as it is caused by bacteria that typically do not infect humans. However, it can be contagious to other reptiles if they are kept in the same enclosure or if equipment is not properly sanitized between uses.

Preventing scale rot involves maintaining a clean and appropriately humidified enclosure, regular monitoring of the reptile's health, and ensuring any substrate used is dry and changed regularly. It's also important to quarantine new reptiles before introducing them to established pets to prevent potential spread of diseases.