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What is Platanus?

Debra Durkee
Debra Durkee

The Platanus is both a genus and subgenus of trees. Characteristic of the genus are clusters of small flowers which give way to ball-shaped fruits that contain the tree's seeds. Mature bark cracks and flakes, giving the tree an irregular appearance. The genus includes the American sycamore, the London planetree, and less common varieties such as the Oaxaca plane, Kerr's plane, the Arizona sycamore, and the Chiapas plane.

Members of the Platanus genus are native to the Northern Hemisphere, and are known as sycamores or planetrees. Some, like the London planetree, have been spread throughout the world and well out of their native range. The Platanus members are hardy trees, they are largely disease and pest resistant, and when found in close proximity to each other, members have been known to cross-breed and create new species; this is how the London planetree was formed in a crossing between the American sycamore and the Oriental planetree. The fossil record suggests that these ancient trees have been in existence for about 115 million years, and representatives are still widespread.

Woman with a flower
Woman with a flower

The Rzedowski's plane, the Oaxaca plane, Gentry's plane, Chiapas plane, and the Mexican plane are all common sights around Mexico. The California sycamore is found throughout the western United States, while the Kerr's plane is common throughout Laos and Vietnam. Trees belonging to the Platanus genus are known as being well adapted to a number of different conditions and environments.

One of the largest and most distinctive of the Platanus trees in North America, the American sycamore, has long, alternating leaves, and mature trees develop gray, green, and white flaky bark characteristic of the genus. In the fall months, flowers give way to clusters of round fruits, which remain on the tree through the winter but make a mess when they drop. It is such a messy tree that it is best suited to parks and other large areas. Extremely tolerant of a variety of soils and able to withstand pollution and harsh urban conditions, it is also commonly used in cities and along streets.

The London planetree, a hybridized tree created from the American sycamore and the Oriental planetree, was first found in London in the 18th century. Not found growing in the wild, it is cultivated around the world. It has irregular white, gray, brown, and green bark similar to its American sycamore parent, though the fruits it develops form with only two on a single stalk. There have been several cultivars created to be more disease and pest resistant than the original, including the Bloodgood, the Liberty, and the Columbia. An extremely hardy tree, it can tolerate winter lows down to -40 °F (-37.3 °C).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Platanus and where can it be found?

Platanus, commonly known as the plane tree, is a genus of trees native to various parts of the Northern Hemisphere. They thrive in temperate climates and are often found lining streets and parks in cities due to their tolerance of urban pollution and soil compaction. These trees are particularly prevalent in Europe, North America, and parts of Asia.

How can you identify a Platanus tree?

A Platanus tree can be identified by its distinctive bark, which flakes off in patches to reveal a mosaic of white, green, and brown underneath. The leaves are large, lobed, and resemble those of a maple. In the fall, Platanus trees produce spiky seed balls that hang in pairs and persist through winter, making them easy to spot even without their leaves.

What are the environmental benefits of Platanus trees?

Platanus trees offer numerous environmental benefits. They are excellent at improving air quality by absorbing pollutants, and their broad leaves provide ample shade, which helps reduce urban heat islands. Additionally, they support wildlife by providing habitat and food sources. Their root systems also help stabilize soil and manage stormwater runoff.

Are there any common problems associated with Platanus trees?

While Platanus trees are hardy, they are susceptible to a few problems. One of the most common is anthracnose, a fungal disease that can cause leaf spots, twig cankers, and defoliation. They also shed large amounts of bark and leaves, which can require frequent cleanup, and their aggressive roots can sometimes damage sidewalks or plumbing.

How long do Platanus trees typically live?

Platanus trees are known for their longevity. With proper care and favorable conditions, they can live for several centuries. In urban environments, their lifespan may be shorter due to stresses like pollution and restricted root growth, but they still often reach a respectable age of 100 to 150 years.

Can Platanus trees be used for any commercial purposes?

Yes, Platanus trees have commercial uses. Their wood is moderately hard and can be used for interior woodworking, such as furniture and paneling. Historically, the wood was also used for making butcher's blocks. The trees are also widely used in urban landscaping for their aesthetic appeal and ability to thrive in city conditions.

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      Woman with a flower