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What is Oxydendrum?

Bethney Foster
Bethney Foster

Oxydendrum is more commonly known as the sourwood tree because of the sour taste of its leaves. Also called the sorrel tree and the lily of the valley tree, Oxydendrum grows as a native tree throughout much of the southeastern United States. The tree grows to about 30 feet (9 meters) in height, but can reach heights as great as 60 feet (18 meters). At maturity, it has a spread of about 20 feet (6 meters).

The branches of the sourwood tree are a favorite meal for deer. The reddish-brown Oxydendrum wood is most often used for firewood and for pulp. It is also known as a honey tree, with bees attracted by its copious flowers.

The branches of the sourwood tree are a favorite meal for deer.
The branches of the sourwood tree are a favorite meal for deer.

Oxydendrum is valued for its healing properties in traditional medicine. A tea of the tree’s leaves is often made to aid in hydration and cooling. In traditional medicine, various parts of the tree were used for treating fevers, soothing pain, and treating digestive ailments.

Oxydendrum is popular with homeowners and gardeners for the large, fragrant clusters of white flowers it produces in mid-summer. The panicles of flowers are often 10 inches (25 cm) long. Oxydendrum is also selected for landscaping because of its brilliant orange and red fall colors. It is among the first trees to begin displaying foliage in late summer or early fall.

The only species in its genus, Oxydendrum is in the scientific family Ericaceae. Considered both an ornamental tree and a shade tree, it has dark green leaves and drooping branches. It often grows in an oval shape. It is considered to grow at a slow to medium pace and does not do well in areas with heavy air pollution.

The sourwood tree should be planted in full sun and in well-draining soil in the spring of the year. The tree has some degree of drought tolerance. It is a remarkably healthy tree and is rarely impacted by disease or pests.

Sometimes used as a patio tree, the Oxydendrum produces clusters of fruit that contain the seed. The fruits are less than 0.5 inch (1.2 cm) in size and brown. The fruit clings to the tree until mid-winter, when it finally falls to the ground.

In addition to the sourwood tree found growing wild, two hybrid varieties have been developed. Mt. Charm is known for brighter foliage than the wild tree. Chameleon is known for having a rainbow of fall colors in comparison to the wild tree.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Oxydendrum and where can it be found?

Oxydendrum, commonly known as the Sourwood or Sorrel Tree, is a deciduous tree native to eastern North America. It thrives in the Appalachian Mountains and can be found from Pennsylvania to Florida. This tree is celebrated for its pyramidal shape, white summer blossoms, and brilliant red fall foliage, making it a favorite in ornamental landscaping.

What are the distinctive features of Oxydendrum arboreum?

Oxydendrum arboreum is distinguished by its lance-shaped leaves that resemble those of the peach tree, which turn a fiery red in autumn. In early summer, it produces fragrant, lily-of-the-valley-like flowers that hang in drooping clusters. The tree's bark is gray and deeply furrowed, adding to its ornamental appeal throughout the year.

How does the Sourwood tree benefit the ecosystem?

The Sourwood tree is an ecological boon, providing nectar for pollinators like bees. In fact, Sourwood honey is highly prized for its rich, buttery flavor. The tree also offers habitat and food for wildlife; birds feast on its seeds, while the foliage serves as a food source for caterpillar species, supporting biodiversity.

Can Oxydendrum arboreum be used in landscaping, and if so, how?

Yes, Oxydendrum arboreum is an excellent choice for landscaping due to its moderate size, reaching up to 30 feet, and its year-round visual interest. It's ideal for small gardens and can be used as a specimen tree or planted in groups for a stunning display of its summer flowers and autumn colors.

What are the ideal growing conditions for a Sourwood tree?

Sourwood trees prefer acidic, well-drained soils and thrive in full sun to partial shade. They are relatively low-maintenance but do not tolerate urban pollution or compacted soils well. For optimal growth, they should be planted in a location that mimics their natural mountainous habitat, with cool, moist conditions.

Are there any challenges to growing Oxydendrum arboreum?

While Sourwood trees are not particularly susceptible to diseases, they can be challenging to transplant due to their deep taproot system. It's best to plant them in a permanent location from a young age. Additionally, they can be slow growers and may take several years to establish and reach maturity.

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    • The branches of the sourwood tree are a favorite meal for deer.
      By: satori
      The branches of the sourwood tree are a favorite meal for deer.