What is Mugwort?

Mugwort is a hardy, tall European plant which has widely distributed itself all over the world, with the assistance of human helpers. Traditionally, it was used as a healing herb and to flavor some foods and beverages. Like many herbs, mugwort was believed at one time to have auspicious properties, and it was often planted along roadways since mugwort was supposed to provide good fortune to travelers. Later discovery of a toxin in mugwort suggests that it should probably only be consumed in small amounts.

Usually, mugwort refers to a specific plant, Artemisia vulgaris, which is known by a variety of other common names such as common wormwood, sailor's tobacco, felon herb, chrysanthemum weed, traveler's plant, and St. John's Plant. This last should not be confused with St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum, an entirely different plant. Some people also use “mugwort” generically to refer to any plant in the Artemisia genus, including actual wormwood, Artemisia absinthium.

The plant can grow up to 18 feet (6 meters) in height, and it has hairy angular stalks which are tinted with purple. The leaves are deeply segmented and often serrated, and the flowers are small, with a purple to red color. Mugwort can be found wild all over the world, and sometimes volunteers itself in cultivated gardens as well. Since it is highly tenacious, this can be disruptive, and gardeners who do not want mugwort in their gardens should be aggressive about eliminating it. The flowering period ranges from July to September.

Many herbalists used mugwort to treat a wide range of symptoms including digestive problems and menstrual irregularity. Folklore also held that mugwort placed under the pillow or burned in the bedroom would bring vivid, intense dreams. This may well be true, since thujone, the toxin in mugwort, is also found in wormwood, the primary ingredient in absinthe. The plant was also traditionally used to flavor beers and wines, and some cooks included it as a bitter ingredient in savory dishes.

When mugwort is harvested, it is typically cured by drying, so that it can be used in the winter. The plant can also be used to make a tincture, although concentrated mugwort is potentially more dangerous than the plain plant, as it focuses the toxin. The leaves, buds, and flowers are all used. Pregnant women and people with liver damage, however, should probably avoid consuming mugwort, because of the toxic properties of the plant.

Mugwort, scientifically known as Artemisia vulgaris, is a perennial plant native to Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. It thrives in temperate climates and is often found along roadsides, riverbanks, and in uncultivated lands. Mugwort's adaptability allows it to grow in a variety of soil conditions, making it a common sight in many regions.

Traditionally, mugwort has been used for its medicinal properties, including as a digestive aid, for menstrual relief, and to induce dreams. Cultures around the world have also used it in culinary applications, such as flavoring for meats and fish, and in brewing beer before the widespread use of hops. Its aromatic leaves have been used in moxibustion, a form of traditional Chinese medicine.

Yes, mugwort can be used in cooking. Its leaves have a bitter, sage-like flavor that complements fatty meats and fish. In Europe, it's sometimes incorporated into stuffing or used to season game. In Asia, mugwort is often used to flavor rice cakes and other sweets. However, it should be used sparingly due to its potent taste.

Mugwort is believed to have several health benefits, including promoting digestion, relieving menstrual discomfort, and possessing mild sedative properties. Some studies suggest that it has antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. However, these benefits are largely based on traditional use and anecdotal evidence, and more scientific research is needed to substantiate these claims.

While mugwort has a long history of use, it is not safe for everyone. Pregnant women should avoid mugwort as it can stimulate uterine contractions. People with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family should also exercise caution. As with any herb, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider before using mugwort for medicinal purposes.

Mugwort can be identified by its dark green leaves with silvery undersides, and its reddish-purple stems. The plant typically grows about 1 to 2 meters tall. During the summer, small, inconspicuous flowers bloom that are reddish or yellowish-brown. Its distinctive, sage-like aroma is often a telltale sign when trying to identify the plant in the wild.