Environment
Fact-checked

At AllThingsNature, we're committed to delivering accurate, trustworthy information. Our expert-authored content is rigorously fact-checked and sourced from credible authorities. Discover how we uphold the highest standards in providing you with reliable knowledge.

Learn more...

What is a Spadefish?

Danielle DeLee
Danielle DeLee

A spadefish is a type of marine fish found in the western Atlantic Ocean from the US state of Massachusetts to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Other common names for this fish include Atlantic Spadefish, Ocean Cobbler, and sometimes Moonfish. First described in 1782 by Auguste-Marie Broussonet, its scientific name is Chaetodipterus faber. It is a member of the family Ephippidae, along with batfish and scats.

Chaetodipterus faber is the only species in the family Ephippidae that is native to the Western Atlantic, but individual batfish, probably released from home aquariums, have been found in schools of spadefish in the Florida Keys. Spadefish are often confused with angelfish because of the shape of their bodies and fins. One way to tell them apart is that angelfish have continuous dorsal fins, while spadefish have separated first and second dorsal fins.

Veterinarian with a puppy
Veterinarian with a puppy

Juveniles usually are black, and they swim in shallow waters where they hide from predators by blending in with dead leaves. Adults are disc-shaped and silvery, with four to six vertical black stripes. They are usually about 1.5 feet (50 cm) long and weigh an average of 6 pounds (about 2.7 kilograms). Their average lifespan is eight to 10 years. They primarily eat invertebrates that live on the sea floor, but they vary their diets with plankton and jellyfish as well.

Scuba divers who visit western Atlantic shipwrecks or the shallow waters off of beaches or mangrove systems often see schools of spadefish circling them as they dive. The schools, which consist of as many as 500 individuals, are popular targets for fishermen. They entice the fish by using cannonball jellyfish as bait. The school nibbles at the bait until one fish grabs the hook, and they are known for putting up a spirited fight against being reeled in.

Some people enjoy the taste of spadefish, but the treat can be dangerous. One of its food sources is a type of microalgae that produces ciguatera toxin. The toxin builds up in the fish's tissues and can poison humans who dine on them. Ciguatera causes gastrointestinal symptoms and muscle weakness on the extremities that can last for several days.

The investment required to keep spadefish makes it difficult for the keepers of typical home aquariums to accommodate their needs. They thrive in very large tanks with varied food sources and room to school. There are plenty of opportunities to enjoy schools of spadefish circling around shipwrecks or in public aquariums, however.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Spadefish and where can it be found?

Spadefish, belonging to the family Ephippidae, are a group of marine fish recognizable by their laterally compressed bodies and distinctive black and white stripes. They inhabit warm coastal waters, often around reefs and wrecks, from the western Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. Divers frequently spot them in schools around structures that offer shelter and abundant food sources.

How can you identify a Spadefish?

Identifying a Spadefish is straightforward due to its unique body shape and markings. They have a rounded, spade-like body with vertical black bands on a silver-gray background. Juveniles often have more pronounced black and white stripes and spots, which can fade or change as they mature. Their dorsal and anal fins are elongated, adding to their distinctive silhouette.

What does the Spadefish diet consist of?

Spadefish are omnivorous, with a diet that includes a variety of food sources. They primarily feed on small invertebrates like jellyfish, plankton, and crustaceans. According to studies on their feeding habits, they are also known to consume algae and detritus, making them an integral part of the marine ecosystem by helping to control jellyfish populations and contributing to the reef's health.

Are Spadefish good for sport fishing?

Spadefish are considered a challenging catch for sport fishers due to their strong fight and tendency to seek refuge around structures. They are targeted for their spirited resistance when hooked, providing an exciting experience for anglers. However, they are not typically sought after for commercial fishing, which helps maintain stable populations for recreational fishing pursuits.

What is the conservation status of Spadefish?

The conservation status of Spadefish varies by region, but they are not currently listed as endangered or vulnerable. They benefit from their habitat around reefs and wrecks, which can be less accessible to large-scale fishing operations. Conservation efforts focusing on reef preservation indirectly support Spadefish populations by maintaining their natural habitat and food sources.

Can Spadefish be kept in home aquariums?

Keeping Spadefish in home aquariums is not common due to their size and schooling nature. They can grow up to 36 inches and require large tanks with ample space to swim. Additionally, they thrive in groups, which means a home aquarium would need to be exceptionally large to accommodate a school, making them more suitable for public aquariums with the capacity to mimic their natural environment.

Discuss this Article

Post your comments
Login:
Forgot password?
Register:
    • Veterinarian with a puppy
      Veterinarian with a puppy