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What Is a Mediterranean Tortoise?

Marjorie McAtee
Marjorie McAtee

The Mediterranean tortoise is a species native to the coastal regions of France, Italy, Greece, Eastern Europe, and Northern Africa. These tortoises are commonly kept as pets in Europe, especially in Britain. Most species of Mediterranean tortoise, including Hermann's tortoise and the spur-thighed tortoise, are endangered species and can usually be commercially traded only by licensed breeders who keep a captive breeding stock. They can grow to average lengths of 8 to 9 inches (16 to 20 centimeters), with the females of most species growing larger than the males. When correctly cared for, they can live as long as 100 years.

Most experts recommend keeping the Mediterranean tortoise in an outdoor enclosure if possible, since these reptiles generally need plenty of room for exercise. An outdoor habitat that offers the tortoise protection from predators, and prevents its escape, is typically considered ideal. The habitat should generally be about 5 feet long (1.52 meters) and 10 feet wide (3.05 meters). The walls of the habitat should be between 12 and 18 inches (30.5 to 45.7 centimeters) tall, and should extend for at least 6 inches (15.2 centimeters) below the surface of the ground, to prevent the tortoise from digging an escape tunnel.

There are dozens of species of tortoises, and some will live up to hundreds of years old while others can weigh in the hundreds of pounds.
There are dozens of species of tortoises, and some will live up to hundreds of years old while others can weigh in the hundreds of pounds.

The habitat should contain an enclosed area where the tortoise can hide itself. The tortoise also will need a recessed water dish no more than 4 inches (10 centimeters) deep. Foliage and sand can help make the environment more stimulating for the tortoise.

These pet tortoises will usually hibernate during the colder months of the year. Enthusiasts are normally advised to avoid feeding a Mediterranean tortoise for about six weeks before it goes into hibernation in late autumn. Once the tortoise goes into hibernation, it can be placed in a box half-filled with dead leaves or strips of paper.

This box is typically then placed inside an outer box, which should generally be proofed against invasion by predators, particularly rodents. The hibernation box should ideally be kept at temperatures between 39.2° and 46.4° Fahrenheit (4° to 8° Celsius) throughout the winter, or until hibernation is complete. Tortoises who wake up early should usually be kept in a warmer indoor environment for the remainder of the cold season.

In the wild, the Mediterranean tortoise eats mostly leaves. A proper diet is considered essential to the reptile's health. Many common garden plants, such as clover, dandelion, plantains, and chickweed are good food for the Mediterranean tortoise. Salad greens, or small amounts of raw fruit and vegetables, may be substituted when wild greens are unavailable. These reptiles typically benefit from the addition of a calcium supplement to their food, two or three times weekly.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Mediterranean tortoise?

A Mediterranean tortoise refers to several species of tortoises native to the Mediterranean region. These species, including the Hermann's tortoise and the Greek tortoise, are adapted to a variety of habitats from coastal areas to mountains. They are known for their distinctive shells and relatively small size compared to other tortoise species.

What do Mediterranean tortoises eat?

Mediterranean tortoises are primarily herbivorous, feeding on a wide range of plants, flowers, and fruits. Their diet consists of high-fiber, low-protein vegetation, which is crucial for their digestive health. They may occasionally consume small invertebrates or carrion, but this is not a significant part of their diet.

How long do Mediterranean tortoises live?

Mediterranean tortoises are known for their longevity, with many individuals living for 50 years or more. In some cases, with proper care, they can surpass 100 years of age. Their lifespan is influenced by factors such as habitat, diet, and threats from predators or human activities.

What kind of habitat do Mediterranean tortoises prefer?

Mediterranean tortoises thrive in a range of habitats that include scrublands, forests, and meadows. They prefer environments with a mild climate and distinct seasonal changes. These tortoises are adept at coping with the hot, dry summers typical of the Mediterranean climate by burrowing to escape the heat.

Are Mediterranean tortoises endangered?

Some species of Mediterranean tortoises are considered vulnerable or endangered due to habitat loss, poaching, and the pet trade. Conservation efforts are in place to protect these species and their habitats. For example, the Hermann's tortoise is listed on Appendix II of CITES to control its trade and prevent exploitation.

Can Mediterranean tortoises be kept as pets?

Mediterranean tortoises can be kept as pets, but they require specific care to ensure their well-being. Potential owners must provide a suitable environment that mimics their natural habitat, including outdoor space for sun exposure. It's important to research their needs thoroughly and comply with local wildlife regulations, as some species may be protected.

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    • There are dozens of species of tortoises, and some will live up to hundreds of years old while others can weigh in the hundreds of pounds.
      By: mgkuijpers
      There are dozens of species of tortoises, and some will live up to hundreds of years old while others can weigh in the hundreds of pounds.