How Do I Build a Gecko Enclosure?

Providing a pet gecko with a proper enclosure is one of the most important aspects of gecko ownership. To build a gecko enclosure, you will need a few tools, materials and general knowledge of this small pet before undertaking the task. Many gecko owners use a pre-purchased aquarium, so having this structure in mind, the easiest gecko enclosure to build will have four sides, a bottom and a top. These pieces are attached together like a box and provide the reptile with a safe and secure environment in which to live.

Before building a gecko enclosure, you will need a general understanding of the proper environment for these exotic pets. The gecko is a member of the Gekkonidae family. There are more than 300 species of gecko found throughout the warm regions of the world, but only a handful are popular for keeping as pet lizards. These include the crested gecko, the leopard gecko and the giant day gecko, to name a few. Their native habitat is warm regions, so the gecko’s enclosure should offer a warm environment that is free from drafts.

The size of the enclosure will depend on the quantity of geckos and their size at adult age. In general, a gecko enclosure for smaller species such as the leopard gecko should be at least 2 feet (61 cm) in length. For larger species, owners need to take into account that the reptile will need space for all of its amenities while still having enough room to move about. The giant day gecko can reach 12 inches (30.5 cm) in length at adulthood, which requires more space than is provided in an average 2-foot (61-cm) cage.

The structure of the gecko’s home will need to be completely enclosed. It should have a secure lid or top because these small pets are known to be great escape artists. A lid also is needed for the owner to have access to the inside of the cage whenever needed and for the cage to have a source of necessary ventilation.

When building the enclosure’s top, choose a breathable material such as a wire mesh screen to cover the top's frame. The typical lid will have narrow strips that act as the frame, and the screen is then attached to the frame. A secure latch is needed on the lid to prevent the reptile’s escape and to hinder other pets, such as cats, from getting into the gecko enclosure. For full enjoyment, consider a glass or acrylic front so that the gecko can be viewed at all times.

The type of material used for building a gecko enclosure depends on the owner’s preference. Wood is one of the easier options to construct into an enclosure, but the wood can become damaged from the gecko’s waste, water spillage, food and the substrate. For making a homemade gecko enclosure, acrylic sheets are an ideal solution because acrylic is easier to work with than glass. The clear acrylic also allows owners to see their pets without having to open the lid.

The acrylic sheets need to be measured and cut to the sizes needed and attached together securely at the seams with a sealant. Remember to use non-toxic sealants when sealing corners and edges. The top can be attached with small hinges on the backside of the enclosure and a small latch attached to the front. After the enclosure is built, all that is left is to add the gecko’s necessities and any preferred additions such as décor — and, of course, the gecko.

The size of a gecko enclosure depends on the species and number of geckos. Generally, a single leopard gecko requires a 10-gallon tank, while larger species may need 20 gallons or more. According to the Herpetological Conservation and Biology journal, providing ample space is crucial for the well-being of captive reptiles, allowing for proper exercise and stress reduction.

Geckos, being nocturnal, don't require UVB lighting like some other reptiles. However, a natural light cycle should be maintained with low-wattage bulbs or LED strips. For species that benefit from UVB, such as the day gecko, a specialized UVB bulb is recommended to ensure proper calcium metabolism, as noted by the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians.

Regular cleaning is essential to prevent disease. Spot clean daily to remove waste and uneaten food. Perform a more thorough cleaning and replace the substrate monthly, as recommended by the National Geographic's care guidelines for reptiles. This helps maintain a hygienic environment and reduces the risk of bacterial and fungal growth.

Substrate choice varies by species. For leopard geckos, paper towels, tile, or reptile carpet are safe options. Avoid sand or small particulates that can cause impaction if ingested. For tropical species like crested geckos, coconut fiber or sphagnum moss can maintain humidity levels, as suggested by the Global Gecko Association's care sheets.

Maintaining proper humidity is species-specific. Desert geckos require lower humidity, around 20-40%, while tropical species may need 70-80%. Use a hygrometer to monitor levels. Mist the enclosure with water for tropical species, and for desert species, provide a moist hide to aid in shedding, as per guidelines from the American Society of Herpetoculturists.

Enrichment is vital for a gecko's health and well-being. Include hiding spots, climbing branches, and rocks to simulate a natural habitat. For mental stimulation, incorporate foraging opportunities and change the layout periodically. Research in Applied Animal Behaviour Science emphasizes the importance of environmental enrichment for promoting natural behaviors and reducing stress in captive animals.