Which Animal Has the Longest Migration?

The Arctic tern, a bird that weighs just 4 ounces (113 g), is the animal that has the longest migration. Migration is the seasonal travel of animals, generally from one climate to another, in order to take advantage of needed resources. Arctic terns travel from the North Pole to the South Pole and back, for a distance of about 44,000 miles (70,800 km) annually. It is unknown why they choose to migrate such a long distance. The birds typically start their migration in Greenland, then fly south to Antarctica for about five months before heading back north.

More about migration:

• Birds often double their body weight before migration to increase their body’s fuel reserves, which tends to be their main source of energy rather than stopping to forage for food.


• The mammals with the longest migration are northern elephant seals and gray whales, which migrate about 13,000 miles (about 20,922 km) round trip per year.
• Arctic terns live an average of 30 years, and it is estimated that they migrate about 1.5 million miles (2.4 million km) throughout their lives — or the equivalent of three trips to the moon and back.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which animal is known for having the longest migration?

The Arctic tern holds the record for the longest migration, traveling an astonishing 44,000 miles annually. This remarkable journey spans from its breeding grounds in the Arctic all the way to the Antarctic and back, allowing the tern to enjoy two summers each year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.

How do scientists track the migration patterns of animals like the Arctic tern?

Scientists use satellite tracking and geolocators to monitor the migration of animals such as the Arctic tern. These devices provide precise data on their movement, behavior, and the environmental conditions they encounter. This technology has revealed the incredible distances these birds cover and the challenges they face during their epic voyages.

What are the main reasons animals migrate such long distances?

Animals migrate for various reasons, including seeking optimal breeding sites, finding food resources, and avoiding harsh weather conditions. For instance, the Arctic tern's migration is driven by the pursuit of continuous daylight for feeding and breeding, while the gray whale migrates to warmer waters for calving and to cold waters for feeding.

Are there any marine animals that rival the Arctic tern in migration distances?

While the Arctic tern holds the record for air travel, the humpback whale is a marine migration marvel, with some populations traveling up to 16,000 miles round trip between their polar feeding waters and tropical or subtropical breeding grounds. This journey is one of the longest among mammals, showcasing the incredible endurance of these ocean giants.

What impact does climate change have on the migration patterns of these animals?

Climate change significantly impacts migration patterns by altering habitats, food availability, and weather conditions. For example, changes in sea ice levels can affect the Arctic tern's feeding grounds, while shifting ocean temperatures can impact the migratory routes and breeding success of whales, potentially leading to changes in their traditional migration timing and destinations.

How can we help protect migratory species like the Arctic tern and humpback whale?

Protecting migratory species involves international cooperation to preserve critical habitats across their migratory routes. Efforts include establishing protected areas, reducing threats like overfishing and pollution, and mitigating climate change impacts. Public awareness and support for conservation initiatives are also crucial for the long-term survival of these remarkable travelers.