What Is a Haboob?

A haboob is a wall of dust that can stand hundreds or even thousands of feet high. It is the result of high winds that blow down and agitate sand and dust, which causes the debris to blow up into a tall stacked wall. An average time span of a haboob generally ranges from 10 to 30 minutes. Haboobs typically occur in dry areas, particularly the Middle East, the Sahara, North Africa and the US state of Arizona, where there are large amounts of sand and high temperatures. These dust walls can be dangerous if they are tall enough to cause issues with visibility, particularly if it affects ground and air transportation.

More about dust storms:

• The word "haboob" comes from habb, which is an Arab word meaning "blow" or "wind."


• Phoenix, the capital of Arizona, experiences an average of one to three dust storms each year. From 2003 to 2013, more than 100 dust storms were reported in the state.


• According to Greek legend, the army of Persian ruler Cambyses II was buried by a dust storm during the sixth century B.C. after the 50,000-man army conquered Egypt.

Frequently Asked Questions

What exactly is a haboob?

A haboob is a type of intense dust storm that is driven by strong winds, often associated with thunderstorms. These walls of dust can rise up to 5,000 feet and stretch over 100 miles wide, reducing visibility to near zero. They are most common in arid regions, such as the Sahara Desert or the Middle East, but can also occur in the southwestern United States during the monsoon season.

How does a haboob form?

Haboobs form when the downdrafts of a collapsing thunderstorm push outwards, lifting dust and debris from the ground into the air. The resulting wall of dust is then propelled by the strong winds of the storm. According to the National Weather Service, the speed and power of the wind can cause these dust storms to develop very rapidly, sometimes in just a few minutes.

What are the dangers of a haboob?

The primary danger of a haboob is reduced visibility, which can lead to accidents on roads and highways. The dust can also exacerbate respiratory problems and irritate the eyes and skin. Furthermore, the strong winds can damage structures and vegetation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advise people to stay indoors and keep windows closed during a haboob.

Can haboobs be predicted?

While predicting the exact occurrence of a haboob can be challenging, meteorologists can forecast the likelihood of conditions that may lead to dust storms. Advanced weather monitoring systems and satellite imagery help in issuing warnings. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides alerts when there's potential for severe dust storms in susceptible regions.

How long do haboobs typically last?

The duration of a haboob can vary greatly, but they typically last between a few minutes to an hour. However, the dust can remain suspended in the air for a longer period, gradually settling as the winds weaken. The aftermath of a haboob can leave a layer of dust on everything, as reported by residents in affected areas.

What should I do if I encounter a haboob while driving?

If you encounter a haboob while driving, it's crucial to reduce your speed immediately and pull over to a safe location. Turn off your vehicle's lights, set the emergency brake, and remain in the car with your seatbelt on until the storm passes. This advice from the Department of Transportation helps prevent chain-reaction accidents caused by poor visibility.