What is a Dunlin?

A dunlin is a medium sized wading bird in the sandpiper family known as Erolia or Calidris alpina. It is the size of a starling and is identified by a black patch on its underside and thin black legs. This bird also has a unique, narrow dark bill that curves down at the tip. Its body is speckled with reddish or brown spots during the warmer months, but turns to gray in the winter.

These types of birds, sometimes called stints, are native to parts of North America, Asia, Europe and Africa and are found throughout most of the world. They are migratory in nature, leaving their summer homes very late in the fall to winter in warmer southern climates. Dunlins travel in large flocks which are of interest to bird watchers who enjoy the antics of these birds as they turn and swoop in unison. These maneuvers are often employed to confuse and deter the Peregrine Falcons and Merlins that prey on dunlins.

Dunlins search beaches and coastlines for insects and larvae to eat and also feed on aquatic animals such as mollusks and crustaceans. They will eat different types of seeds and leaves as well, but they are not a part of their everyday diet. They can look comical as they bob up and down, digging their bills into the sand and mud in search of food.

The male dunlin is the first to appear at the breeding area and attracts a female by making the beginnings of several nests. These are built on the ground, in hidden areas of wet tundra, out of willow leaves and grass. The female chooses one nest, which they finish building together, and lays anywhere from two to six eggs. The male helps to incubate the eggs for the three weeks it takes for them to hatch.

Baby dunlins leave the nest when they are just a few weeks old to forage for their own food. The female abandons the hatchlings after two or three days, leaving the male to provide food and protection until the babies leave the nest. When the babies have left, the male abandons the nest as well, but dunlins will usually return to the same area year after year to make new nests.

While these birds are extremely common throughout the world, they appear to be declining in some areas. This is thought to be due to the destruction of certain habitats rather than a decrease in the bird population. As these areas are developed, the dunlin and other sandpipers are forced to find new nesting grounds, feeding areas, and winter homes. Oil spills, pollution, and damage from hurricanes and other severe storms all have a negative impact on the dunlin population.

A Dunlin is a small shorebird known for its distinctive long, drooping beak and a striking black belly patch in breeding plumage. They breed in the Arctic tundra and migrate to coastal mudflats and estuaries across the world. According to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Dunlins are commonly found along North American coastlines during migration and winter.

To identify a Dunlin, look for a medium-sized sandpiper with a long, slightly downcurved bill and long legs. In breeding season, they sport a reddish back and a conspicuous black belly patch. Non-breeding Dunlins have a drabber appearance with a plain gray-brown back and a white underbelly, as described by the Audubon Guide to North American Birds.

Dunlins primarily feed on invertebrates such as insects, mollusks, crustaceans, and worms. They forage by probing their bills into mud or sand, often following the receding tide to find food. During winter, they may also consume plant material. Their diet varies by season and habitat, as noted by the British Trust for Ornithology.

The Dunlin is not currently considered globally threatened, but certain populations are declining due to habitat loss and degradation. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the Dunlin as a species of 'Least Concern', but emphasizes the importance of conserving wetland habitats to ensure their survival.

The Dunlin's migration is a remarkable feat, with some populations traveling thousands of miles between their Arctic breeding grounds and wintering sites. This migration is crucial for their survival, allowing them to exploit seasonal food resources and milder climates. BirdLife International highlights the importance of international conservation efforts to protect critical stopover and wintering sites along their migratory routes.

Dunlins play a vital role in their ecosystem as both predator and prey. They help control invertebrate populations and their foraging activities aerate soil and redistribute nutrients. Additionally, they are a food source for predators like raptors and foxes. The presence of Dunlins can indicate the health of wetland ecosystems, as they require pristine habitats to thrive.