Is the “Gloomy Octopus” a Social Creature?

Marine biologists had always thought that gloomy octopuses were loners, living solitary lives in the subtropical waters near Australia and New Zealand and being sociable only during mating season. But new research about this cephalopod species -- more formally known as Octopus tetricus, or the common Sydney octopus -- turned up a group of 15 gloomy octopuses living together off the coast of eastern Australia at a site dubbed “Octlantis,” where they exhibited complex social behaviors. Perhaps reminiscent of life in any big city, the researchers documented a lot of aggression among the residents, with males spending much of their time fighting about who was going to live in which den.

Brothers in arms:

• The "Octlantis" find was only the second example of these octopuses living in groups. Researchers found a similar gloomy octopus city in 2009 built around a large discarded piece of now-heavily encrusted metal; they called it "Octopolis."
• The study by an international team of marine biologists appeared in the journal Marine and Freshwater Behavior and Physiology.
• Like other cephalopods, the gloomy octopus is thought to be fairly intelligent. A 2010 study found that the creatures appear to have different personalities, much like humans.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a "Gloomy Octopus" and where can it be found?

The "Gloomy Octopus," also known as the Common Sydney Octopus, is a cephalopod species scientifically named Octopus tetricus. It is primarily found in the coastal waters of eastern Australia and New Zealand. These octopuses prefer rocky reefs and seagrass beds, where they can find shelter and abundant food sources.

Are Gloomy Octopuses known to exhibit social behavior?

Traditionally, octopuses have been considered solitary creatures. However, recent studies have shown that Gloomy Octopuses can exhibit social behaviors. Researchers have observed them interacting with each other in what are known as 'octopus cities' or aggregations, challenging the notion that they are strictly solitary.

What evidence suggests that Gloomy Octopuses can be social?

Evidence of social behavior in Gloomy Octopuses comes from observations of groups living in close proximity in areas dubbed "Octlantis" and "Octopolis." Here, they engage in complex interactions, including communicating through body postures and color changes, and sometimes even sharing resources, according to marine biologists studying these communities.

How do Gloomy Octopuses communicate with each other?

Gloomy Octopuses communicate using a variety of methods. They can change the color and texture of their skin to convey different messages or emotions. They also use body postures and movements to signal to one another. These visual signals are crucial for interactions within their communities, especially in the often murky waters they inhabit.

What kind of social structures do Gloomy Octopuses form?

Gloomy Octopuses form loose aggregations rather than structured societies. Their social interactions are more about temporary cooperation or tolerance in shared spaces, rather than forming permanent bonds or hierarchies. The dynamics within these groups can vary, with some octopuses displaying territorial behavior while others seem to coexist more peacefully.

Does the social behavior of Gloomy Octopuses impact their survival?

The social behavior of Gloomy Octopuses may offer several advantages that impact their survival. Living in groups can provide better protection against predators and enhance opportunities for mating. Additionally, sharing resources like food and shelter could potentially lead to higher survival rates for individuals within these octopus communities.